disk-usage interview questions
Top disk-usage frequently asked interview questions
I was looking through my system with du -sch ./* to find the big useless files I may have stockpiled with no reason, when I found this:
$ du -sch ./*
du: cannot read directory ‘./drbunsen/.gvfs’: Permission denied
du: cannot read directory ‘./drbunsen/.cache/dconf’: Permission denied
18G ./drbunsen
18G total
$ cd drbunsen/
$ du -sch ./*
601M ./Desktop
20K ./Documents
598M ./Downloads
4.0K ./flash
4.0K ./Music
8.0M ./Pictures
4.0K ./Public
4.0K ./Templates
4.0K ./Ubuntu One
8.0K ./Videos
11G ./VirtualBox VMs
6.9M ./workspace
12G total
How do I make hidden files visible? du -sch ./.* gives the same result as du -sch ./*.
Source: (StackOverflow)
My /boot partition is nearly full and I get a warning every time I reboot my system. I already deleted old kernel packages (linux-headers...), actually I did that to install a newer kernel version that came with the automatic updates. After installing that new version, the partition is nearly full again. So what else can I delete? Are there some other files associated to the old kernel images?
Here is a list of files that are on my /boot partition:
:~$ ls /boot/
abi-2.6.31-21-generic lost+found
abi-2.6.32-25-generic memtest86+.bin
abi-2.6.38-10-generic memtest86+_multiboot.bin
abi-2.6.38-11-generic System.map-2.6.31-21-generic
abi-2.6.38-12-generic System.map-2.6.32-25-generic
abi-2.6.38-8-generic System.map-2.6.38-10-generic
abi-3.0.0-12-generic System.map-2.6.38-11-generic
abi-3.0.0-13-generic System.map-2.6.38-12-generic
abi-3.0.0-14-generic System.map-2.6.38-8-generic
boot System.map-3.0.0-12-generic
config-2.6.31-21-generic System.map-3.0.0-13-generic
config-2.6.32-25-generic System.map-3.0.0-14-generic
config-2.6.38-10-generic vmcoreinfo-2.6.31-21-generic
config-2.6.38-11-generic vmcoreinfo-2.6.32-25-generic
config-2.6.38-12-generic vmcoreinfo-2.6.38-10-generic
config-2.6.38-8-generic vmcoreinfo-2.6.38-11-generic
config-3.0.0-12-generic vmcoreinfo-2.6.38-12-generic
config-3.0.0-13-generic vmcoreinfo-2.6.38-8-generic
config-3.0.0-14-generic vmcoreinfo-3.0.0-12-generic
extlinux vmcoreinfo-3.0.0-13-generic
grub vmcoreinfo-3.0.0-14-generic
initrd.img-2.6.31-21-generic vmlinuz-2.6.31-21-generic
initrd.img-2.6.32-25-generic vmlinuz-2.6.32-25-generic
initrd.img-2.6.38-10-generic vmlinuz-2.6.38-10-generic
initrd.img-2.6.38-11-generic vmlinuz-2.6.38-11-generic
initrd.img-2.6.38-12-generic vmlinuz-2.6.38-12-generic
initrd.img-2.6.38-8-generic vmlinuz-2.6.38-8-generic
initrd.img-3.0.0-12-generic vmlinuz-3.0.0-12-generic
initrd.img-3.0.0-13-generic vmlinuz-3.0.0-13-generic
initrd.img-3.0.0-14-generic vmlinuz-3.0.0-14-generic
Currently, I'm using the 3.0.0-14-generic kernel.
Source: (StackOverflow)
Is there a way to quickly check the amount of free / used disk space in Ubuntu?
I would assume you could right click on 'file system' in the file browser and choose 'properties' or something but there is no such option.
Source: (StackOverflow)
I see the usage of "MiB" as measure to represent the size in Ubuntu. What does MiB stand for? In particular the "i"?
Source: (StackOverflow)
I try to do do-release-upgrade
but then I get:
Not enough free disk space
The upgrade has aborted. The upgrade needs a total of 25.7 M free
space on disk '/boot'. Please free at least an additional 25.7 M of
disk space on '/boot'. Empty your trash and remove temporary packages
of former installations using 'sudo apt-get clean'.
Output of df:
237251272 214797108 10402504 96% /
udev 488120 4 488116 1% /dev
tmpfs 198676 668 198008 1% /run
none 5120 0 5120 0% /run/lock
none 496684 0 496684 0% /run/shm
/dev/sda1 233191 225867 0 100% /boot
How come there is no space left on boot? Here's the output of ls -as /boot:
total 221839
4 .
4 ..
645 abi-2.6.32-34-generic-pae
698 abi-2.6.35-30-generic-pae
727 abi-2.6.38-12-generic-pae
727 abi-3.0.0-12-generic-pae
727 abi-3.0.0-13-generic-pae
727 abi-3.0.0-14-generic-pae
727 abi-3.0.0-15-generic-pae
727 abi-3.0.0-16-generic-pae
727 abi-3.0.0-17-generic-pae
727 abi-3.0.0-19-generic-pae
761 abi-3.0.0-20-generic-pae
115 config-2.6.32-34-generic-pae
128 config-2.6.35-30-generic-pae
136 config-2.6.38-12-generic-pae
140 config-3.0.0-12-generic-pae
140 config-3.0.0-13-generic-pae
140 config-3.0.0-14-generic-pae
140 config-3.0.0-15-generic-pae
140 config-3.0.0-16-generic-pae
140 config-3.0.0-17-generic-pae
140 config-3.0.0-19-generic-pae
140 config-3.0.0-20-generic-pae
5 grub
10773 initrd.img-2.6.32-34-generic-pae
13619 initrd.img-2.6.35-30-generic-pae
15365 initrd.img-2.6.38-12-generic-pae
16481 initrd.img-3.0.0-12-generic-pae
16487 initrd.img-3.0.0-13-generic-pae
16501 initrd.img-3.0.0-14-generic-pae
16476 initrd.img-3.0.0-15-generic-pae
16481 initrd.img-3.0.0-16-generic-pae
16478 initrd.img-3.0.0-17-generic-pae
12 lost+found
174 memtest86+.bin
176 memtest86+_multiboot.bin
1700 System.map-2.6.32-34-generic-pae
1841 System.map-2.6.35-30-generic-pae
2115 System.map-2.6.38-12-generic-pae
2141 System.map-3.0.0-12-generic-pae
2141 System.map-3.0.0-13-generic-pae
2143 System.map-3.0.0-14-generic-pae
2146 System.map-3.0.0-15-generic-pae
2147 System.map-3.0.0-16-generic-pae
2147 System.map-3.0.0-17-generic-pae
2148 System.map-3.0.0-19-generic-pae
2149 System.map-3.0.0-20-generic-pae
2 vmcoreinfo-2.6.32-34-generic-pae
2 vmcoreinfo-2.6.35-30-generic-pae
2 vmcoreinfo-2.6.38-12-generic-pae
2 vmcoreinfo-3.0.0-12-generic-pae
2 vmcoreinfo-3.0.0-13-generic-pae
2 vmcoreinfo-3.0.0-14-generic-pae
2 vmcoreinfo-3.0.0-15-generic-pae
2 vmcoreinfo-3.0.0-16-generic-pae
2 vmcoreinfo-3.0.0-17-generic-pae
2 vmcoreinfo-3.0.0-19-generic-pae
2 vmcoreinfo-3.0.0-20-generic-pae
4092 vmlinuz-2.6.32-34-generic-pae
4347 vmlinuz-2.6.35-30-generic-pae
4567 vmlinuz-2.6.38-12-generic-pae
4675 vmlinuz-3.0.0-12-generic-pae
4676 vmlinuz-3.0.0-13-generic-pae
4681 vmlinuz-3.0.0-14-generic-pae
4698 vmlinuz-3.0.0-15-generic-pae
4700 vmlinuz-3.0.0-16-generic-pae
4700 vmlinuz-3.0.0-17-generic-pae
4703 vmlinuz-3.0.0-19-generic-pae
4705 vmlinuz-3.0.0-20-generic-pae
Output of uname -a:
Linux kitsch 3.0.0-17-generic-pae #30-Ubuntu SMP Thu Mar 8 17:53:35 UTC 2012 i686 i686 i386 GNU/Linux
Source: (StackOverflow)
This question already has an answer here:
I am using Ubuntu 12.04 LTS and I was wondering if there is a command that can tell the space used in a partition using the terminal. Like I want to use the su command to change to a user called admin (it is named admin). So I typed :
su admin
Entered the password
Now I want to see the disk space used in this partition. So.... Is there is a command fot that?
Source: (StackOverflow)
I have read every thread I could find -- even the ones that say that the question has been answered elsewhere but none of them address the specific issue I am having. Update Manager ran and produced errors relating to unmet dependency and suggested using apt-get install -f which fails with this message:
Unpacking linux-headers-3.5.0-36 (from .../linux-headers-3.5.0-36_3.5.0-36.57~precise1_all.deb) ...
dpkg: error processing /var/cache/apt/archives/linux-headers-3.5.0-36_3.5.0-36.57~precise1_all.deb (--unpack):
unable to create `/usr/src/linux-headers-3.5.0-36/arch/arm/mach-iop32x/include/mach/glantank.h.dpkg-new' (while processing `./usr/src/linux-headers-3.5.0-36/arch/arm/mach-iop32x/include/mach/glantank.h'): No space left on device
I suspect that the last 5 words No space left on device are significant but df and du both show adequate space. So I am wondering, what device needs more space?
Ouput from df -h
Filesystem
Size Used Avail Use%
Mounted on /dev/sda1 5.5G 4.4G 786M 86%
/ udev 996M 4.0K 996M 1%
/dev tmpfs 402M 880K 401M 1%
/run none 5.0M 0 5.0M 0% /run/lock none 1004M 156K 1004M 1%
/run/shm /dev/sdb1 30G 1.4G 27G 5%
/home /dev/sdc1 299G 31G 268G 11% /media/HD-PCTU2
Source: (StackOverflow)
Is there a safe way of deleting contents of ~/.local/share/Trash/expunged ? I see It has lots of files & folders I had deleted -- from the trash as well. They are taking a lot of disc space.
After deleting the files & clearing the trash why are the files still there ?
I haven't tried it yet but is it ok to manually delete them ?
sudo rm -rv ~/.local/share/Trash/expunged
Source: (StackOverflow)
I know how to check space left with:
df -h
and I know to check the space of a folder with:
du -ch /path/to/folder/
But let's say I have a 500 GB HardDisk and 350GB are used:
Wich is the best tool/command to get how the space is distributed ?
Should I do du -ch / ? (I think this is not optimal)
There is any special tool/app to do this ?
I'd like an app that stores how the space is distributed in my system, wich are the space occuped in each folder...
I'd like to have something like SpaceSniffer (You can check the windows tool here). It is a Windows program that examine your HardDisk and show in a easy & nice IU how the space is distributed on your computer
This kind of software is awesome for that day you check your HardDisk and it seems you've "lost" hundred of GB's and don't know where they are !
Edit
I've tried baobab and runs/works perfectly in my Ubuntu machine, I tested also JDiskReport, here I have to fix some issues but it works in Ubuntu & Windows
I assume JDiskReport will work in any OS with Java installed, that's why I choose as correct answer. I've tried this in Ubuntu, Windows 8, Raspbian and CentOS and works in all of them (you have to install Java)
I have to say for those lovers of command-line your choice should be ncdu, it's awesome !!!
Baobab IU:
Source: (StackOverflow)
/boot has become 100% full somehow.
df -k
Filesystem 1K-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/ubuntu-root 191078052 31758960 149612804 18% /
udev 3997520 8 3997512 1% /dev
tmpfs 1602244 856 1601388 1% /run
none 5120 0 5120 0% /run/lock
none 4005600 1792 4003808 1% /run/shm
none 102400 28 102372 1% /run/user
/dev/sda1 233191 218740 2010 100% /boot
mount
/dev/mapper/ubuntu-root on / type ext4 (rw,errors=remount-ro)
proc on /proc type proc (rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev)
sysfs on /sys type sysfs (rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev)
none on /sys/fs/fuse/connections type fusectl (rw)
none on /sys/kernel/debug type debugfs (rw)
none on /sys/kernel/security type securityfs (rw)
udev on /dev type devtmpfs (rw,mode=0755)
devpts on /dev/pts type devpts (rw,noexec,nosuid,gid=5,mode=0620)
tmpfs on /run type tmpfs (rw,noexec,nosuid,size=10%,mode=0755)
none on /run/lock type tmpfs (rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev,size=5242880)
none on /run/shm type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,nodev)
none on /run/user type tmpfs (rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev,size=104857600,mode=0755)
/dev/sda1 on /boot type ext2 (rw)
binfmt_misc on /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc type binfmt_misc (rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev)
vmware-vmblock on /run/vmblock-fuse type fuse.vmware-vmblock (rw,nosuid,nodev,default_permissions,allow_other)
gvfsd-fuse on /run/user/foo/gvfs type fuse.gvfsd-fuse (rw,nosuid,nodev,user=foo)
How can I make the space allocated to /boot bigger?
There is a related question How do I free up more space in /boot? but that is not what I want to do.
Added.
Disk /dev/sda: 200.0 GB, 200049647616 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 24321 cylinders, total 390721968 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x0007f9dc
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 2048 499711 248832 83 Linux
/dev/sda2 501758 390721535 195109889 5 Extended
/dev/sda5 501760 390721535 195109888 8e Linux LVM
Disk /dev/mapper/ubuntu-root: 198.8 GB, 198784843776 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 24167 cylinders, total 388251648 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000
Disk /dev/mapper/ubuntu-root doesn't contain a valid partition table
Disk /dev/mapper/ubuntu-swap_1: 1006 MB, 1006632960 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 122 cylinders, total 1966080 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000
Disk /dev/mapper/ubuntu-swap_1 doesn't contain a valid partition table
Source: (StackOverflow)
Recently I got a message about "0 bytes free" on a certain partition.
So I looked and, sure enough:
$ df
Filesystem 1K-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda1 65190604 10920296 50959160 18% /
udev 966544 4 966540 1% /dev
tmpfs 389532 744 388788 1% /run
none 5120 0 5120 0% /run/lock
none 973828 152 973676 1% /run/shm
/dev/sda5 397327316 391010276 0 100% /media/8b5e40d0-95b3-4e60-831c-e9b9aeadbfa4
there are 0 bytes available on that partition.
So I deleted a bunch of files I didn't need on this machine, and emptied the trash.
I expected the "Used" to get smaller and the "Available" to get larger by the same amount.
But what actually happened was
$ df
Filesystem 1K-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda1 65190604 10921184 50958272 18% /
udev 966544 4 966540 1% /dev
tmpfs 389532 744 388788 1% /run
none 5120 0 5120 0% /run/lock
none 973828 152 973676 1% /run/shm
/dev/sda5 397327316 390986836 0 100% /media/8b5e40d0-95b3-4e60-831c-e9b9aeadbfa4
the "Used" actually did get smaller, but the "Available" is still zero.
I rebooted the machine, and I still see 0 in the "Available" column.
Why is "Available" always zero, even when I delete a bunch of files so "Used" gets smaller?
Why doesn't deleting files increase available space?
I am running Ubuntu 12.04 LTS.
$ df -hi
Filesystem Inodes IUsed IFree IUse% Mounted on
/dev/sda1 4.0M 512K 3.5M 13% /
udev 205K 486 204K 1% /dev
tmpfs 208K 390 208K 1% /run
none 208K 3 208K 1% /run/lock
none 208K 7 208K 1% /run/shm
/dev/sda5 25M 975K 24M 4% /media/8b5e40d0-95b3-4e60-831c-e9b9aeadbfa4
Source: (StackOverflow)