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ASM or CGLIB analog for Dalvik

I'm looking for a CGLIB analog usable for Dalvik bytecode. Is there such library in the Android world?

Maybe, there is a way to translate CGLIB result to Davlik bytecode on-the-fly?

How to force Hibernate 3.3 or 3.5 to use CGLib instead of Javassist?

Is it still possible to force Hibernate 3.3 or 3.5 to use CGLib instead of Javassist? In my properties file, I set

hibernate.bytecode.provider = cglib

But this doesn't seem to do it. Any thoughts?

Should I upgrade to CGLIB 3.0?

I would like to know if/why I should upgrade CGLib 2.2.2 to Version 3.0. I am using CGLib with the latest versions of Hibernate/Spring/Mockito and Java 7.

I can not find release notes or upgrade directions for this version anywhere on the web.

avoiding problems with spring cglib proxy

Using cglib proxies in spring causes:

a) double invocation of constructor

b) not allow to intercept a method invoked from another method

but why spring creates a bean and then a proxy? is it possible to dynamically generate class that extends a specified bean class and then invoke constructor only once? that would solve a) and b) for public and protected methods. am i missing something?

how to retransform a class at runtime

I am tring modify class which already loaded in a jvm. The solution which I found is:

• 1st Attach an agent to a jvm specified by pid. (e.g. 8191)(Codes: AttachTest)
• 2nd Find class which you wanna modified from which already loaded in the jvm(e.g. 8191).
• 3rd Add transformer using Instrument (Codes: AgentMain)
• 4th modify the class(e.g. Person) in transform method(Codes: DemoTransformer)
• 5th retransform the class using retransformClasses

It works fine from 1st step to 5th step, but there are problems at retransformClasses. It called transform again which contains codes to modify class. And It modify other classes which I never wanna modify. I think the problem may occured during addTransformer or retransformClasses. But I still confused. Well, how to retransform a class? Any ideas? thx

public class AttachTest {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws AttachNotSupportedException,
        IOException, AgentLoadException, AgentInitializationException { 
        String agentPath = "D:\\work\\workspace\\myjar\\loaded.jar";
        String vid = args[0]; 
        VirtualMachine vm = VirtualMachine.attach(vid);
        vm.loadAgent(agentPath);
    }
}

//Agent

public class AgentMain {
    public static void agentmain (String agentArgs, Instrumentation inst)
        throws ClassNotFoundException, UnmodifiableClassException,
        InterruptedException {
    Class<?> [] allLoadedClasses = inst.getAllLoadedClasses();
        String tmpString = null;
        for (int i = 0; i<allLoadedClasses.length; i++) {
        tmpString = allLoadedClasses[i].getName();


        if (0 != tmpString.length()) {
            if (-1 != tmpString.lastIndexOf(".")) {
                tmpString = tmpString.substring(tmpString.lastIndexOf(".")+1,tmpString.length());
            }
            if (tmpString.equals("Person")) {

                inst.addTransformer(new DemoTransformer(), true);
                inst.retransformClasses(allLoadedClasses[i]);

                }
            }
        }
    }
}

|

public class DemoTransformer implements ClassFileTransformer {

    @Override
    public byte[] transform (ClassLoader loader, String className,
        Class<?> classBeingRedefined, ProtectionDomain protectionDomain,
        byte[] classfileBuffer) throws IllegalClassFormatException {

    ModifyMethodTest tm = new ModifyMethodTest(classfileBuffer);

    byte[] byteArray = null;
    try {
        byteArray = tm.modiySleepMethod();

    } catch (Exception e) {

        e.printStackTrace();
    }


    return byteArray;
    }
}

OUTPUTS: THE ATTACH PROGRAM

javax.management.RuntimeMBeanException: java.lang.RuntimeException: Failed to transform [Person]
    at com.sun.jmx.interceptor.DefaultMBeanServerInterceptor.rethrow(DefaultMBeanServerInterceptor.java:856)
    at com.sun.jmx.interceptor.DefaultMBeanServerInterceptor.rethrowMaybeMBeanException(DefaultMBeanServerInterceptor.java:869)
    at com.sun.jmx.interceptor.DefaultMBeanServerInterceptor.invoke(DefaultMBeanServerInterceptor.java:838)
    at com.sun.jmx.mbeanserver.JmxMBeanServer.invoke(JmxMBeanServer.java:761)
    at javax.management.remote.rmi.RMIConnectionImpl.doOperation(RMIConnectionImpl.java:1427)
    at javax.management.remote.rmi.RMIConnectionImpl.access$200(RMIConnectionImpl.java:72)
    at javax.management.remote.rmi.RMIConnectionImpl$PrivilegedOperation.run(RMIConnectionImpl.java:1265)
    at javax.management.remote.rmi.RMIConnectionImpl.doPrivilegedOperation(RMIConnectionImpl.java:1360)
    at javax.management.remote.rmi.RMIConnectionImpl.invoke(RMIConnectionImpl.java:788)
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:39)
    at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:25)
    at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:597)
    at sun.rmi.server.UnicastServerRef.dispatch(UnicastServerRef.java:305)
    at sun.rmi.transport.Transport$1.run(Transport.java:159)
    at java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(Native Method)
    at sun.rmi.transport.Transport.serviceCall(Transport.java:155)
    at sun.rmi.transport.tcp.TCPTransport.handleMessages(TCPTransport.java:535)
    at sun.rmi.transport.tcp.TCPTransport$ConnectionHandler.run0(TCPTransport.java:790)
    at sun.rmi.transport.tcp.TCPTransport$ConnectionHandler.run(TCPTransport.java:649)
    at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.runTask(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:886)
    at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:908)
    at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:619)
    at sun.rmi.transport.StreamRemoteCall.exceptionReceivedFromServer(StreamRemoteCall.java:255)
    at sun.rmi.transport.StreamRemoteCall.executeCall(StreamRemoteCall.java:233)
    at sun.rmi.server.UnicastRef.invoke(UnicastRef.java:142)
    at com.sun.jmx.remote.internal.PRef.invoke(Unknown Source)
    at javax.management.remote.rmi.RMIConnectionImpl_Stub.invoke(Unknown Source)
    at javax.management.remote.rmi.RMIConnector$RemoteMBeanServerConnection.invoke(RMIConnector.java:993)
    at AttachStackOverflow.main(AttachStackOverflow.java:57)
Caused by: java.lang.RuntimeException: Failed to transform [Person]
    at loaded3.TransformerService.transform(TransformerService.java:75)
    at loaded3.TransformerService.transformClass(TransformerService.java:38)
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:39)
    at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:25)
    at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:597)
    at com.sun.jmx.mbeanserver.StandardMBeanIntrospector.invokeM2(StandardMBeanIntrospector.java:93)
    at com.sun.jmx.mbeanserver.StandardMBeanIntrospector.invokeM2(StandardMBeanIntrospector.java:27)
    at com.sun.jmx.mbeanserver.MBeanIntrospector.invokeM(MBeanIntrospector.java:208)
    at com.sun.jmx.mbeanserver.PerInterface.invoke(PerInterface.java:120)
    at com.sun.jmx.mbeanserver.MBeanSupport.invoke(MBeanSupport.java:262)
    at com.sun.jmx.interceptor.DefaultMBeanServerInterceptor.invoke(DefaultMBeanServerInterceptor.java:836)
    at com.sun.jmx.mbeanserver.JmxMBeanServer.invoke(JmxMBeanServer.java:761)
    at javax.management.remote.rmi.RMIConnectionImpl.doOperation(RMIConnectionImpl.java:1427)
    at javax.management.remote.rmi.RMIConnectionImpl.access$200(RMIConnectionImpl.java:72)
    at javax.management.remote.rmi.RMIConnectionImpl$PrivilegedOperation.run(RMIConnectionImpl.java:1265)
    at javax.management.remote.rmi.RMIConnectionImpl.doPrivilegedOperation(RMIConnectionImpl.java:1360)
    at javax.management.remote.rmi.RMIConnectionImpl.invoke(RMIConnectionImpl.java:788)
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:39)
    at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:25)
    at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:597)
    at sun.rmi.server.UnicastServerRef.dispatch(UnicastServerRef.java:305)
    at sun.rmi.transport.Transport$1.run(Transport.java:159)
    at java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(Native Method)
    at sun.rmi.transport.Transport.serviceCall(Transport.java:155)
    at sun.rmi.transport.tcp.TCPTransport.handleMessages(TCPTransport.java:535)
    at sun.rmi.transport.tcp.TCPTransport$ConnectionHandler.run0(TCPTransport.java:790)
    at sun.rmi.transport.tcp.TCPTransport$ConnectionHandler.run(TCPTransport.java:649)
    at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.runTask(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:886)
    at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:908)
    at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:619)
Caused by: java.lang.UnsupportedOperationException: class redefinition failed: attempted to change the schema (add/remove fields)
    at sun.instrument.InstrumentationImpl.retransformClasses0(Native Method)
    at sun.instrument.InstrumentationImpl.retransformClasses(InstrumentationImpl.java:124)
    at loaded3.TransformerService.transform(TransformerService.java:72)
    ... 31 more

OUTPUTS: TARGET PROGRAM

print Call sayHello()
print Hello World!
Supported Redefine
Supported Retransform
Call transform() in TransformerService
Add transformer
support redefine. return TRUE
support retransforme. return TRUE
IsModifiable class "class Person". return TRUE
Retransform classes
Number of times to Call transform() in DemoTransformer:1
####ASM CODE####
consturct ModifyMethodTest
Call modifySleepMethod
new classreader
new classwriter
construct ModifyClassAdapter
sayHello
consturct Modifymethod
[arg1] = java/io/PrintStream  [arg2] = println  #5
[arg1] = java/io/PrintStream  [arg2] = println  #13
[arg1] = java/util/concurrent/TimeUnit  [arg2] = sleep  #22
[arg1] = java/io/PrintStream  [arg2] = println  #30
sayHello2
consturct Modifymethod
[arg1] = java/io/PrintStream  [arg2] = println  #5
[arg1] = java/io/PrintStream  [arg2] = println  #13
<init>
consturct Modifymethod
[arg1] = java/lang/Object  [arg2] = <init>  #1
main
consturct Modifymethod
[arg1] = Person  [arg2] = <init>  #4
[arg1] = Person  [arg2] = sayHello  #9
[arg1] = Person  [arg2] = sayHello2  #13
[arg1] = java/lang/InterruptedException  [arg2] = printStackTrace  #21
getName
consturct Modifymethod
setName
consturct Modifymethod
Call visitend
Finished to call modifymethodtest
####End of ASM CODE
Remove transformer
Call transform() in TransformerService
Add transformer
support redefine. return TRUE
support retransforme. return TRUE
IsModifiable class "class Person". return TRUE
Retransform classes
Number of times to Call transform() in DemoTransformer:2
####ASM CODE####
consturct ModifyMethodTest
Call modifySleepMethod
new classreader
new classwriter
construct ModifyClassAdapter
sayHello
consturct Modifymethod
[arg1] = java/io/PrintStream  [arg2] = println  #5
[arg1] = java/io/PrintStream  [arg2] = println  #13
[arg1] = java/util/concurrent/TimeUnit  [arg2] = sleep  #22
[arg1] = java/io/PrintStream  [arg2] = println  #30
sayHello2
consturct Modifymethod
[arg1] = java/io/PrintStream  [arg2] = println  #5
[arg1] = java/io/PrintStream  [arg2] = println  #13
<init>
consturct Modifymethod
[arg1] = java/lang/Object  [arg2] = <init>  #1
main
consturct Modifymethod
[arg1] = Person  [arg2] = <init>  #4
[arg1] = Person  [arg2] = sayHello  #9
[arg1] = Person  [arg2] = sayHello2  #13
[arg1] = java/lang/InterruptedException  [arg2] = printStackTrace  #21
getName
consturct Modifymethod
setName
consturct Modifymethod
Call visitend
Finished to call modifymethodtest
####End of ASM CODE
Remove transformer
print in sayHello()
print Call sayHello2()
print Hello World!2

dynamic java bytecode manipulation framework comparisions

There are some frameworks out there for dynamic bytecode generation, manipulation and weaving (BCEL, CGLIB, javassist, ASM, MPS). I want to learn about them, but since I don't have much time to know all the details about all of them, I would like to see a sort of comparison chart saying the advantages and disadvantages of one versus the others and an explanation of why.

Here in SO, I found a lot of questions asking something similar, and the answers normally said "you can use cglib or ASM", or "javassist is better than cglib", or "BCEL is old and is dying" or "ASM is the best because it gives X and Y". These answers are useful, but does not fully answer the question in the scope that I want, comparing them more deeply and giving the advantages and disadvantages of each one.

VerifyError using Mockito 1.9.5 and DexMaker-Mockito-1.0

Like many others I was excited to hear that Mockito now works with Android and followed this tutorial to see it with my own eyes. Everything seemed fan-flapping-tastic and I got underway incorporating the mocking solution into my Android Test Project...

The error

However, on setting up my application's test project to leverage the mockito-all-1.9.5, dexmaker-1.0 and dexmaker-mockito-1.0 jars I encountered a problem with my very first test case. Precisely this problem in fact. The part that I would like assistance on is;

Caused by: java.lang.VerifyError: org/mockito/cglib/core/ReflectUtils
at org.mockito.cglib.core.KeyFactory$Generator.generateClass(KeyFactory.java:167)
at org.mockito.cglib.core.DefaultGeneratorStrategy.generate(DefaultGeneratorStrategy.java:25)
at org.mockito.cglib.core.AbstractClassGenerator.create(AbstractClassGenerator.java:217)
at org.mockito.cglib.core.KeyFactory$Generator.create(KeyFactory.java:145)
at org.mockito.cglib.core.KeyFactory.create(KeyFactory.java:117)
at org.mockito.cglib.core.KeyFactory.create(KeyFactory.java:109)
at org.mockito.cglib.core.KeyFactory.create(KeyFactory.java:105)
at org.mockito.cglib.proxy.Enhancer.<clinit>(Enhancer.java:70)

I have been informed that this "simply doesn't quite work yet" since the stack trace implies that the DexMaker jar is not being used - reference this response. However, I am suspicious that I am doing something wrong with respect to my project set-up so I'm looking to draw from the collective knowledge base here to see if indeed this is user error or a beta-bug.

My Android Test Project set-up

Please find below a screenshot of my test project's configuration. The project was created via the Android Wizard and shares no special features other than the inclusion of the Mockito and DexMaker jars (mentioned above) under the libs directory.

The Test

Never mind the content of the test (the test fails before the unit test is executed) the set-up is as described below;

public class TestSpotRatingCalculator extends InstrumentationTestCase {
  @Mock
  private AService aService; // Changed the service names being used here - not important.
  @Mock
  private BService bService;
  @Mock
  private CService cService;
  @Mock
  private DService dService;

  /**
   * @see android.test.AndroidTestCase#setUp()
   */
  @Override
  protected void setUp() throws Exception {
    super.setUp();
    MockitoAnnotations.initMocks(this);  // Failure here with aforementioned stacktrace...
  }

If anyone out there has an idea what is wrong then please sound-off here.

What is the difference between JDK dynamic proxy and CGLib?

In case of the Proxy Design Pattern, What is the difference between JDK's Dynamic Proxy and third party dynamic code generation API s such as CGLib?

What is the difference between using both the approaches and when should one prefer one over another?

Are there alternatives to cglib? [closed]

Just out of curiosity, are there any (stable) open source projects for runtime java code generation other than cglib? And why should I use them?

Automatically add unimplemented methods during compilation

I am trying find how to implement a hack that is similar to the Eclipse functionality "Add unimplemented methods".

Instead of adding these methods while writing code, I would like to do this during compilation , generating a method body using a template. Further, I do not want to modify the original .java source file.

For example, say I have the following:

interface I { void foo(); }
class C implements I { 
  public static void main(String[] args) { new C().foo(); }
}

Compiling this will usually result in error because I.foo is not implemented.

I would like instead for compile to succeed and subsequent execution to use my template. The template could be something as simple as {throw UnsupportedOpeationException()} I do want to be able to get more information about the method and the implemented interface and use it in the template, but that should not be difficult?

My first thought was to try an annotation (AutoImplementMethods) but the annotation processor cannot modify the annotated code it is processing.

I am somewhat comfortable with AspectJ but I don't see how it be done using inter-type declarations.

Any suggestions how this can be done, short of using my own java parser and generating code code?

How is the Java Service Provide API supposed to work?

It seems like everybody has had an unpleasant brush with the Java Service Provider, that thing you can do with a file named like META-INF/services/com.example.Interface, but that nobody uses except for trying to load the right XML parser. I'm trying to work with a library that uses the Service Provider API, and trick it so that I can provide some runtime-extended classes (using cglib) that don't actually implement the interface but can be made to do so easily.

Basically, I think the steps I need to perform are:

1. Create a custom class loader that will respond to getResources(...) and return an "extra" URL
2. Also have that class loader hook getResourceAsStream(...) to return a list of the classes I am going to manipulate with cglib, when asked for the "extra" resource
3. Finally, have that class loader load those classes when requested

But here's where I get lost. For example, when the library tries to determine what implementers are out there, it calls getResources(...) which returns a bunch of URLs. But getResourceAsStream(...) doesn't take URLs, it takes "names". Names which seem to be classpath-relative, and therefore the same everywhere. So META-INF/services/com.example.Interface in has the same "name" as META-INF/services/com.example.Interface in their JAR, right? Except somehow this works with those blasted XML parsers...

Of course, all of this assumes they were smart/kind enough to call ClassLoader.getSystemClassLoader() rather than using ClassLoader.getSystemResources(...), ClassLoader.getSystemResourceAsStream(...), etc., as in the latter case there's no way to hook the ClassLoader and provide the faked file.

I guess in that case I could use BCEL to manipulate the class files when my code is being packaged by Maven, rather than waiting until runtime to do it with cglib?

spring, how to change cglib naming policy

When spring creates a proxy, it uses cglib with default naming policy. Is there any way to change the naming policy? Generated class names clash with another framework I use.

How to know the line of a bug in a spring generated bean?

I've got a website build with Spring and jpa (by hibernate). I've got a bug and I don't know how to identify the line where the bug appears.

I can't debug it on my ide because it's a live version (all runs fine in local).

I've got log which says: o

rg.springframework.aop.framework.ReflectiveMethodInvocation.proceed(ReflectiveMethodInvocation.java:172)#012#011

at org.springframework.aop.framework.Cglib2AopProxy$DynamicAdvisedInterceptor.intercept(Cglib2AopProxy.java:625)#012#011

at com.mycompany.server.rpc.UserService$$EnhancerByCGLIB$$64ed2d4f.createAccount(<generated>)#012#011

at com.mycompany.server.rpc.ServiceRPCImpl.createAccount(ServiceRPCImpl.java:309)

My problem is the third line. As the UserService object is handled by Spring, it becomes a proxy and I can't know the line of the bug.

Do you know how to solve the problem ?

Thanks

How can I create dynamic proxy for final Class?

In short: 1. I have some final class that I want to create dynamic proxy for it. How can I do it? 2. Can I convert MethodHandle to Method?

Details First of all, does exists any API to convert MethodHandle to Method? Something like in java.lang.invoke.MethodHandles

public MethodHandle unreflect(Method m) throws IllegalAccessException;

but the opposite way arrond?

Let say I want to create dynamic java.lang.reflect.Method. It is defiend as

public final
   class Method extends AccessibleObject implements GenericDeclaration,
                                                 Member ;

So, if I want to use JDK Dynamic proxy I must use some interface (Member for example). There 2 main drawabacks though. First, method such as

public Class<?>[] getParameterTypes();

and such as

public Class<?> getReturnType();

are not part of any interface, while they are extensively used.

The second drawback is that it fails to provide drop-in replacement. That is, I can't pass my dynamic proxy to the code that expects java.lang.reflect.Method.

Another approach is to use CGLIB or Javaassist. AFAIK, CGLIB can't proxy final class, does he? Can Javaassist proxy final class? How can I "remove" final identifier from the class? AFAIL, Javvassist can somehow do it...

Javassist failure in hibernate: invalid constant type: 60

I'm creating a cli tool to manage an existing application. Both the application and the tests build fine and run fine but despite that I receive a javassist failure when running my cli tool that exists within the jar:

INFO: Bytecode provider name : javassist
...
INFO: Hibernate EntityManager 3.5.1-Final
Exception in thread "main" javax.persistence.PersistenceException: Unable to configure EntityManagerFactory
        at org.hibernate.ejb.Ejb3Configuration.configure(Ejb3Configuration.java:371)
        at org.hibernate.ejb.HibernatePersistence.createEntityManagerFactory(HibernatePersistence.java:55)
        at javax.persistence.Persistence.createEntityManagerFactory(Persistence.java:48)
        at javax.persistence.Persistence.createEntityManagerFactory(Persistence.java:32)
        ...
        at com.sophware.flexipol.admin.AdminTool.<init>(AdminTool.java:40)
        at com.sophware.flexipol.admin.AdminTool.main(AdminTool.java:69)
Caused by: java.lang.RuntimeException: Error while reading file:flexipol-jar-with-dependencies.jar
        at org.hibernate.ejb.packaging.NativeScanner.getClassesInJar(NativeScanner.java:131)
        at org.hibernate.ejb.Ejb3Configuration.addScannedEntries(Ejb3Configuration.java:467)
        at org.hibernate.ejb.Ejb3Configuration.addMetadataFromScan(Ejb3Configuration.java:457)
        at org.hibernate.ejb.Ejb3Configuration.configure(Ejb3Configuration.java:347)
        ... 11 more
Caused by: java.io.IOException: invalid constant type: 60
        at javassist.bytecode.ConstPool.readOne(ConstPool.java:1027)
        at javassist.bytecode.ConstPool.read(ConstPool.java:970)
        at javassist.bytecode.ConstPool.<init>(ConstPool.java:127)
        at javassist.bytecode.ClassFile.read(ClassFile.java:693)
        at javassist.bytecode.ClassFile.<init>(ClassFile.java:85)
        at org.hibernate.ejb.packaging.AbstractJarVisitor.checkAnnotationMatching(AbstractJarVisitor.java:243)
        at org.hibernate.ejb.packaging.AbstractJarVisitor.executeJavaElementFilter(AbstractJarVisitor.java:209)
        at org.hibernate.ejb.packaging.AbstractJarVisitor.addElement(AbstractJarVisitor.java:170)
        at org.hibernate.ejb.packaging.FileZippedJarVisitor.doProcessElements(FileZippedJarVisitor.java:119)
        at org.hibernate.ejb.packaging.AbstractJarVisitor.getMatchingEntries(AbstractJarVisitor.java:146)
        at org.hibernate.ejb.packaging.NativeScanner.getClassesInJar(NativeScanner.java:128)
        ... 14 more

Since I know the jar is fine as the unit and integration tests run against it, I thought it might be a problem with javassist, so I tried cglib. The bytecode provider then shows as cglib but I still get the exact same stack trace with javassist present in it.

cglib is definitely in the classpath:

$ unzip -l flexipol-jar-with-dependencies.jar | grep cglib | wc -l
383

I've tried with both hibernate 3.4 and 3.5 and get the exact same error. Is this a problem with javassist?

UPDATE: I can run the application successfully within Eclipse (Right click->Run As->Java Application), but using the maven-generated jar-with-dependencies fails. I presume the difference is that with Eclipse javassist isn't inspecting the containing jar, rather, it's inspecting all of the class files (and perhaps a few dependent 3rd-party jars).