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aptitude interview questions

Top aptitude frequently asked interview questions

How can I upgrade python on a Debian server?

I just created a Debian 8 cloud server and it has Python 2.7.9 installed by default, even after sudo aptitude update && sudo aptitude upgrade. How can I upgrade python (in /usr/bin/python) to 2.7.11?

I've tried:

sudo aptitude install python
sudo aptitude install python2.7

to no avail.

Source: (StackOverflow)

What is the equivalent of "aptitude" in Mac OSX?

How to do "sudo apt-get install " on OSX?

Source: (StackOverflow)

How to install software in CentOS

apt-get install devscripts

What is the equivalent in centOS?

Source: (StackOverflow)

Ubuntu apt-get unable to fetch packages

Just installed Ubuntu 13.10 (Saucy) and anything I try to install via sudo apt-get install is failing and throwing a series of 404 erros.

Example - installing tmux

[jeeves@HAL] hadoop > sudo apt-get install tmux
[sudo] password for jeeves: 
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
The following NEW packages will be installed:
  tmux
0 upgraded, 1 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
Need to get 247 kB of archives.
After this operation, 577 kB of additional disk space will be used.
WARNING: The following packages cannot be authenticated!
  tmux
Install these packages without verification [y/N]? Y
Err http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ saucy/main tmux amd64 1.8-4
  404  Not Found [IP: 91.189.91.23 80]
Failed to fetch http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/t/tmux/tmux_1.8-4_amd64.deb  404  Not Found [IP: 91.189.91.23 80]
E: Unable to fetch some archives, maybe run apt-get update or try with --fix-missing?

In this case it can't fetch an archive URL.

I get something similar when installing mysql-server

....
Failed to fetch http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/m/mysql-5.5/mysql-common_5.5.37-0ubuntu0.13.10.1_all.deb  404  Not Found [IP: 91.189.91.23 80]
Failed to fetch http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/m/mysql-5.5/libmysqlclient18_5.5.37-0ubuntu0.13.10.1_amd64.deb  404  Not Found [IP: 91.189.91.23 80]
Failed to fetch http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/libd/libdbi-perl/libdbi-perl_1.627-1_amd64.deb  404  Not Found [IP: 91.189.91.15 80]
....

... and numerous other packages.

I even tried sudo apt-get update and running with --fix-missing?

Is the Ubuntu repository just down (which seems odd given how many people rely on it) or did I miss something?

Thanks!

EDIT: Here's what happens when I try sudo apt-get update. The update itself doesn't work because of resources that can't be found

> sudo apt-get update
Hit http://download.virtualbox.org maverick InRelease
Ign http://us.archive.ubuntu.com saucy InRelease                                                
Ign http://us.archive.ubuntu.com saucy-updates InRelease                                        
Ign http://extras.ubuntu.com saucy InRelease                                                  
Ign http://us.archive.ubuntu.com saucy-backports InRelease           
Hit http://download.virtualbox.org maverick/contrib amd64 Packages   
Hit http://download.virtualbox.org maverick/non-free amd64 Packages  
Ign http://us.archive.ubuntu.com saucy Release.gpg                   
Hit http://extras.ubuntu.com saucy Release.gpg                       
Hit http://download.virtualbox.org maverick/contrib i386 Packages    
Ign http://us.archive.ubuntu.com saucy-updates Release.gpg                                       
Hit http://download.virtualbox.org maverick/non-free i386 Packages                               
Ign http://us.archive.ubuntu.com saucy-backports Release.gpg                                     
Ign http://us.archive.ubuntu.com saucy Release                                                   
Ign http://security.ubuntu.com saucy-security InRelease                                          
Hit http://extras.ubuntu.com saucy Release                           
Ign http://us.archive.ubuntu.com saucy-updates Release                                      
Ign http://security.ubuntu.com saucy-security Release.gpg                                   
Ign http://us.archive.ubuntu.com saucy-backports Release             
Ign http://security.ubuntu.com saucy-security Release                
Hit http://extras.ubuntu.com saucy/main Sources                      
Ign http://us.archive.ubuntu.com saucy/main Sources/DiffIndex        
Ign http://security.ubuntu.com saucy-security/main Sources/DiffIndex 
Ign http://us.archive.ubuntu.com saucy/restricted Sources/DiffIndex  
Ign http://security.ubuntu.com saucy-security/restricted Sources/DiffIndex
Hit http://extras.ubuntu.com saucy/main amd64 Packages               
Ign http://us.archive.ubuntu.com saucy/universe Sources/DiffIndex    
Ign http://security.ubuntu.com saucy-security/universe Sources/DiffIndex
Ign http://us.archive.ubuntu.com saucy/multiverse Sources/DiffIndex  
Hit http://extras.ubuntu.com saucy/main i386 Packages                
Ign http://security.ubuntu.com saucy-security/multiverse Sources/DiffIndex
Ign http://us.archive.ubuntu.com saucy/main amd64 Packages/DiffIndex 
Ign http://security.ubuntu.com saucy-security/main amd64 Packages/DiffIndex
Ign http://us.archive.ubuntu.com saucy/restricted amd64 Packages/DiffIndex
Ign http://security.ubuntu.com saucy-security/restricted amd64 Packages/DiffIndex
Ign http://us.archive.ubuntu.com saucy/universe amd64 Packages/DiffIndex
Ign http://security.ubuntu.com saucy-security/universe amd64 Packages/DiffIndex
Ign http://us.archive.ubuntu.com saucy/multiverse amd64 Packages/DiffIndex
Ign http://security.ubuntu.com saucy-security/multiverse amd64 Packages/DiffIndex
Ign http://us.archive.ubuntu.com saucy/main i386 Packages/DiffIndex  
Ign http://download.virtualbox.org maverick/contrib Translation-en_US
Ign http://security.ubuntu.com saucy-security/main i386 Packages/DiffIndex
Ign http://download.virtualbox.org maverick/contrib Translation-en   
Ign http://us.archive.ubuntu.com saucy/restricted i386 Packages/DiffIndex
Ign http://download.virtualbox.org maverick/non-free Translation-en_US
Ign http://download.virtualbox.org maverick/non-free Translation-en  
Ign http://us.archive.ubuntu.com saucy/universe i386 Packages/DiffIndex
Ign http://us.archive.ubuntu.com saucy/multiverse i386 Packages/DiffIndex
Ign http://security.ubuntu.com saucy-security/restricted i386 Packages/DiffIndex
Ign http://security.ubuntu.com saucy-security/universe i386 Packages/DiffIndex
Ign http://security.ubuntu.com saucy-security/multiverse i386 Packages/DiffIndex
Ign http://extras.ubuntu.com saucy/main Translation-en_US
Ign http://extras.ubuntu.com saucy/main Translation-en
Ign http://us.archive.ubuntu.com saucy-updates/main Sources/DiffIndex
Ign http://us.archive.ubuntu.com saucy-updates/restricted Sources/DiffIndex
Ign http://us.archive.ubuntu.com saucy-updates/universe Sources/DiffIndex
Ign http://us.archive.ubuntu.com saucy-updates/multiverse Sources/DiffIndex
Ign http://us.archive.ubuntu.com saucy-updates/main amd64 Packages/DiffIndex
Ign http://us.archive.ubuntu.com saucy-updates/restricted amd64 Packages/DiffIndex
Ign http://us.archive.ubuntu.com saucy-updates/universe amd64 Packages/DiffIndex
Ign http://us.archive.ubuntu.com saucy-updates/multiverse amd64 Packages/DiffIndex
Ign http://us.archive.ubuntu.com saucy-updates/main i386 Packages/DiffIndex
Ign http://us.archive.ubuntu.com saucy-updates/restricted i386 Packages/DiffIndex
Ign http://us.archive.ubuntu.com saucy-updates/universe i386 Packages/DiffIndex
Ign http://us.archive.ubuntu.com saucy-updates/multiverse i386 Packages/DiffIndex
Ign http://us.archive.ubuntu.com saucy-backports/main Sources/DiffIndex
Ign http://us.archive.ubuntu.com saucy-backports/restricted Sources/DiffIndex
Ign http://us.archive.ubuntu.com saucy-backports/universe Sources/DiffIndex
Ign http://us.archive.ubuntu.com saucy-backports/multiverse Sources/DiffIndex
Ign http://us.archive.ubuntu.com saucy-backports/main amd64 Packages/DiffIndex
Ign http://us.archive.ubuntu.com saucy-backports/restricted amd64 Packages/DiffIndex
Ign http://us.archive.ubuntu.com saucy-backports/universe amd64 Packages/DiffIndex
Ign http://us.archive.ubuntu.com saucy-backports/multiverse amd64 Packages/DiffIndex
Ign http://us.archive.ubuntu.com saucy-backports/main i386 Packages/DiffIndex
Ign http://us.archive.ubuntu.com saucy-backports/restricted i386 Packages/DiffIndex
Ign http://us.archive.ubuntu.com saucy-backports/universe i386 Packages/DiffIndex
Ign http://us.archive.ubuntu.com saucy-backports/multiverse i386 Packages/DiffIndex
Ign http://security.ubuntu.com saucy-security/main Translation-en_US
Ign http://security.ubuntu.com saucy-security/main Translation-en
Ign http://security.ubuntu.com saucy-security/multiverse Translation-en_US
Ign http://security.ubuntu.com saucy-security/multiverse Translation-en
Ign http://security.ubuntu.com saucy-security/restricted Translation-en_US
Ign http://security.ubuntu.com saucy-security/restricted Translation-en
Ign http://security.ubuntu.com saucy-security/universe Translation-en_US
Ign http://security.ubuntu.com saucy-security/universe Translation-en
Err http://security.ubuntu.com saucy-security/main Sources
  404  Not Found [IP: 91.189.91.23 80]
Err http://security.ubuntu.com saucy-security/restricted Sources
  404  Not Found [IP: 91.189.91.23 80]
Err http://security.ubuntu.com saucy-security/universe Sources
  404  Not Found [IP: 91.189.91.23 80]
Err http://security.ubuntu.com saucy-security/multiverse Sources
  404  Not Found [IP: 91.189.91.23 80]
Err http://security.ubuntu.com saucy-security/main amd64 Packages
  404  Not Found [IP: 91.189.91.23 80]
Err http://security.ubuntu.com saucy-security/restricted amd64 Packages
  404  Not Found [IP: 91.189.91.23 80]
Err http://security.ubuntu.com saucy-security/universe amd64 Packages
  404  Not Found [IP: 91.189.91.23 80]
Err http://security.ubuntu.com saucy-security/multiverse amd64 Packages
  404  Not Found [IP: 91.189.91.23 80]
Err http://security.ubuntu.com saucy-security/main i386 Packages
  404  Not Found [IP: 91.189.91.23 80]
Err http://security.ubuntu.com saucy-security/restricted i386 Packages
  404  Not Found [IP: 91.189.91.23 80]
Err http://security.ubuntu.com saucy-security/universe i386 Packages
  404  Not Found [IP: 91.189.91.23 80]
Err http://security.ubuntu.com saucy-security/multiverse i386 Packages
  404  Not Found [IP: 91.189.91.23 80]
Ign http://us.archive.ubuntu.com saucy/main Translation-en_US
Ign http://us.archive.ubuntu.com saucy/main Translation-en
Ign http://us.archive.ubuntu.com saucy/multiverse Translation-en_US
Ign http://us.archive.ubuntu.com saucy/multiverse Translation-en
Ign http://us.archive.ubuntu.com saucy/restricted Translation-en_US
Ign http://us.archive.ubuntu.com saucy/restricted Translation-en
Ign http://us.archive.ubuntu.com saucy/universe Translation-en_US
Ign http://us.archive.ubuntu.com saucy/universe Translation-en
Ign http://us.archive.ubuntu.com saucy-updates/main Translation-en_US
Ign http://us.archive.ubuntu.com saucy-updates/main Translation-en
Ign http://us.archive.ubuntu.com saucy-updates/multiverse Translation-en_US
Ign http://us.archive.ubuntu.com saucy-updates/multiverse Translation-en
Ign http://us.archive.ubuntu.com saucy-updates/restricted Translation-en_US
Ign http://us.archive.ubuntu.com saucy-updates/restricted Translation-en
Ign http://us.archive.ubuntu.com saucy-updates/universe Translation-en_US
Ign http://us.archive.ubuntu.com saucy-updates/universe Translation-en
Ign http://us.archive.ubuntu.com saucy-backports/main Translation-en_US
Ign http://us.archive.ubuntu.com saucy-backports/main Translation-en
Ign http://us.archive.ubuntu.com saucy-backports/multiverse Translation-en_US
Ign http://us.archive.ubuntu.com saucy-backports/multiverse Translation-en
Ign http://us.archive.ubuntu.com saucy-backports/restricted Translation-en_US
Ign http://us.archive.ubuntu.com saucy-backports/restricted Translation-en
Ign http://us.archive.ubuntu.com saucy-backports/universe Translation-en_US
Ign http://us.archive.ubuntu.com saucy-backports/universe Translation-en
Err http://us.archive.ubuntu.com saucy/main Sources
  404  Not Found [IP: 91.189.91.24 80]
Err http://us.archive.ubuntu.com saucy/restricted Sources
  404  Not Found [IP: 91.189.91.24 80]
Err http://us.archive.ubuntu.com saucy/universe Sources
  404  Not Found [IP: 91.189.91.24 80]
Err http://us.archive.ubuntu.com saucy/multiverse Sources
  404  Not Found [IP: 91.189.91.24 80]
Err http://us.archive.ubuntu.com saucy/main amd64 Packages
  404  Not Found [IP: 91.189.91.24 80]
Err http://us.archive.ubuntu.com saucy/restricted amd64 Packages
  404  Not Found [IP: 91.189.91.24 80]
Err http://us.archive.ubuntu.com saucy/universe amd64 Packages
  404  Not Found [IP: 91.189.91.24 80]
Err http://us.archive.ubuntu.com saucy/multiverse amd64 Packages
  404  Not Found [IP: 91.189.91.24 80]
Err http://us.archive.ubuntu.com saucy/main i386 Packages
  404  Not Found [IP: 91.189.91.24 80]
Err http://us.archive.ubuntu.com saucy/restricted i386 Packages
  404  Not Found [IP: 91.189.91.24 80]
Err http://us.archive.ubuntu.com saucy/universe i386 Packages
  404  Not Found [IP: 91.189.91.24 80]
Err http://us.archive.ubuntu.com saucy/multiverse i386 Packages
  404  Not Found [IP: 91.189.91.24 80]
Err http://us.archive.ubuntu.com saucy-updates/main Sources
  404  Not Found [IP: 91.189.91.24 80]
Err http://us.archive.ubuntu.com saucy-updates/restricted Sources
  404  Not Found [IP: 91.189.91.24 80]
Err http://us.archive.ubuntu.com saucy-updates/universe Sources
  404  Not Found [IP: 91.189.91.24 80]
Err http://us.archive.ubuntu.com saucy-updates/multiverse Sources
  404  Not Found [IP: 91.189.91.24 80]
Err http://us.archive.ubuntu.com saucy-updates/main amd64 Packages
  404  Not Found [IP: 91.189.91.24 80]
Err http://us.archive.ubuntu.com saucy-updates/restricted amd64 Packages
  404  Not Found [IP: 91.189.91.24 80]
Err http://us.archive.ubuntu.com saucy-updates/universe amd64 Packages
  404  Not Found [IP: 91.189.91.24 80]
Err http://us.archive.ubuntu.com saucy-updates/multiverse amd64 Packages
  404  Not Found [IP: 91.189.91.24 80]
Err http://us.archive.ubuntu.com saucy-updates/main i386 Packages
  404  Not Found [IP: 91.189.91.24 80]
Err http://us.archive.ubuntu.com saucy-updates/restricted i386 Packages
  404  Not Found [IP: 91.189.91.24 80]
Err http://us.archive.ubuntu.com saucy-updates/universe i386 Packages
  404  Not Found [IP: 91.189.91.24 80]
Err http://us.archive.ubuntu.com saucy-updates/multiverse i386 Packages
  404  Not Found [IP: 91.189.91.24 80]
Err http://us.archive.ubuntu.com saucy-backports/main Sources
  404  Not Found [IP: 91.189.91.24 80]
Err http://us.archive.ubuntu.com saucy-backports/restricted Sources
  404  Not Found [IP: 91.189.91.24 80]
Err http://us.archive.ubuntu.com saucy-backports/universe Sources
  404  Not Found [IP: 91.189.91.24 80]
Err http://us.archive.ubuntu.com saucy-backports/multiverse Sources
  404  Not Found [IP: 91.189.91.24 80]
Err http://us.archive.ubuntu.com saucy-backports/main amd64 Packages
  404  Not Found [IP: 91.189.91.24 80]
Err http://us.archive.ubuntu.com saucy-backports/restricted amd64 Packages
  404  Not Found [IP: 91.189.91.24 80]
Err http://us.archive.ubuntu.com saucy-backports/universe amd64 Packages
  404  Not Found [IP: 91.189.91.24 80]
Err http://us.archive.ubuntu.com saucy-backports/multiverse amd64 Packages
  404  Not Found [IP: 91.189.91.24 80]
Err http://us.archive.ubuntu.com saucy-backports/main i386 Packages
  404  Not Found [IP: 91.189.91.24 80]
Err http://us.archive.ubuntu.com saucy-backports/restricted i386 Packages
  404  Not Found [IP: 91.189.91.24 80]
Err http://us.archive.ubuntu.com saucy-backports/universe i386 Packages
  404  Not Found [IP: 91.189.91.24 80]
Err http://us.archive.ubuntu.com saucy-backports/multiverse i386 Packages
  404  Not Found [IP: 91.189.91.24 80]
W: Failed to fetch http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/saucy/main/source/Sources  404  Not Found [IP: 91.189.91.24 80]

W: Failed to fetch http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/saucy-security/main/source/Sources  404  Not Found [IP: 91.189.91.23 80]

W: Failed to fetch http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/saucy/restricted/source/Sources  404  Not Found [IP: 91.189.91.24 80]

W: Failed to fetch http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/saucy-security/restricted/source/Sources  404  Not Found [IP: 91.189.91.23 80]

W: Failed to fetch http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/saucy/universe/source/Sources  404  Not Found [IP: 91.189.91.24 80]

W: Failed to fetch http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/saucy-security/universe/source/Sources  404  Not Found [IP: 91.189.91.23 80]

W: Failed to fetch http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/saucy/multiverse/source/Sources  404  Not Found [IP: 91.189.91.24 80]

W: Failed to fetch http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/saucy-security/multiverse/source/Sources  404  Not Found [IP: 91.189.91.23 80]

W: Failed to fetch http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/saucy/main/binary-amd64/Packages  404  Not Found [IP: 91.189.91.24 80]

W: Failed to fetch http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/saucy-security/main/binary-amd64/Packages  404  Not Found [IP: 91.189.91.23 80]

W: Failed to fetch http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/saucy/restricted/binary-amd64/Packages  404  Not Found [IP: 91.189.91.24 80]

W: Failed to fetch http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/saucy-security/restricted/binary-amd64/Packages  404  Not Found [IP: 91.189.91.23 80]

W: Failed to fetch http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/saucy/universe/binary-amd64/Packages  404  Not Found [IP: 91.189.91.24 80]

W: Failed to fetch http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/saucy-security/universe/binary-amd64/Packages  404  Not Found [IP: 91.189.91.23 80]

W: Failed to fetch http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/saucy/multiverse/binary-amd64/Packages  404  Not Found [IP: 91.189.91.24 80]

W: Failed to fetch http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/saucy-security/multiverse/binary-amd64/Packages  404  Not Found [IP: 91.189.91.23 80]

W: Failed to fetch http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/saucy/main/binary-i386/Packages  404  Not Found [IP: 91.189.91.24 80]

W: Failed to fetch http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/saucy-security/main/binary-i386/Packages  404  Not Found [IP: 91.189.91.23 80]

W: Failed to fetch http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/saucy/restricted/binary-i386/Packages  404  Not Found [IP: 91.189.91.24 80]

W: Failed to fetch http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/saucy/universe/binary-i386/Packages  404  Not Found [IP: 91.189.91.24 80]

W: Failed to fetch http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/saucy/multiverse/binary-i386/Packages  404  Not Found [IP: 91.189.91.24 80]

W: Failed to fetch http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/saucy-security/restricted/binary-i386/Packages  404  Not Found [IP: 91.189.91.23 80]

W: Failed to fetch http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/saucy-security/universe/binary-i386/Packages  404  Not Found [IP: 91.189.91.23 80]

W: Failed to fetch http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/saucy-security/multiverse/binary-i386/Packages  404  Not Found [IP: 91.189.91.23 80]

W: Failed to fetch http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/saucy-updates/main/source/Sources  404  Not Found [IP: 91.189.91.24 80]

W: Failed to fetch http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/saucy-updates/restricted/source/Sources  404  Not Found [IP: 91.189.91.24 80]

W: Failed to fetch http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/saucy-updates/universe/source/Sources  404  Not Found [IP: 91.189.91.24 80]

W: Failed to fetch http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/saucy-updates/multiverse/source/Sources  404  Not Found [IP: 91.189.91.24 80]

W: Failed to fetch http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/saucy-updates/main/binary-amd64/Packages  404  Not Found [IP: 91.189.91.24 80]

W: Failed to fetch http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/saucy-updates/restricted/binary-amd64/Packages  404  Not Found [IP: 91.189.91.24 80]

W: Failed to fetch http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/saucy-updates/universe/binary-amd64/Packages  404  Not Found [IP: 91.189.91.24 80]

W: Failed to fetch http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/saucy-updates/multiverse/binary-amd64/Packages  404  Not Found [IP: 91.189.91.24 80]

W: Failed to fetch http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/saucy-updates/main/binary-i386/Packages  404  Not Found [IP: 91.189.91.24 80]

W: Failed to fetch http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/saucy-updates/restricted/binary-i386/Packages  404  Not Found [IP: 91.189.91.24 80]

W: Failed to fetch http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/saucy-updates/universe/binary-i386/Packages  404  Not Found [IP: 91.189.91.24 80]

W: Failed to fetch http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/saucy-updates/multiverse/binary-i386/Packages  404  Not Found [IP: 91.189.91.24 80]

W: Failed to fetch http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/saucy-backports/main/source/Sources  404  Not Found [IP: 91.189.91.24 80]

W: Failed to fetch http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/saucy-backports/restricted/source/Sources  404  Not Found [IP: 91.189.91.24 80]

W: Failed to fetch http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/saucy-backports/universe/source/Sources  404  Not Found [IP: 91.189.91.24 80]

W: Failed to fetch http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/saucy-backports/multiverse/source/Sources  404  Not Found [IP: 91.189.91.24 80]

W: Failed to fetch http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/saucy-backports/main/binary-amd64/Packages  404  Not Found [IP: 91.189.91.24 80]

W: Failed to fetch http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/saucy-backports/restricted/binary-amd64/Packages  404  Not Found [IP: 91.189.91.24 80]

W: Failed to fetch http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/saucy-backports/universe/binary-amd64/Packages  404  Not Found [IP: 91.189.91.24 80]

W: Failed to fetch http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/saucy-backports/multiverse/binary-amd64/Packages  404  Not Found [IP: 91.189.91.24 80]

W: Failed to fetch http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/saucy-backports/main/binary-i386/Packages  404  Not Found [IP: 91.189.91.24 80]

W: Failed to fetch http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/saucy-backports/restricted/binary-i386/Packages  404  Not Found [IP: 91.189.91.24 80]

W: Failed to fetch http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/saucy-backports/universe/binary-i386/Packages  404  Not Found [IP: 91.189.91.24 80]

W: Failed to fetch http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/saucy-backports/multiverse/binary-i386/Packages  404  Not Found [IP: 91.189.91.24 80]

E: Some index files failed to download. They have been ignored, or old ones used instead.

Source: (StackOverflow)

How can I change the apt-get install directory

The default install directory of apt-get is /opt. Can I change it to another directory?

Source: (StackOverflow)

why can't I find my.cnf?

I did updatedb. I did locate my.cnf

But I cannot find it? Nothing.

(I installed MYSQL using aptitude install mysql-server, and mysql does work right now.)

Source: (StackOverflow)

Aptitude: Show What Repo a Package is From, Listing Contents of a Repo

I am trying to prepare an AWS instance by installing some software, one of which is Fabric for Python, a SSH connection library.

By default, AWS's yum doesn't have access to a Fabric distribution to install, so I was attempting to figure out where Aptitude would get Fabric from.

I can't figure out a way to get what repo Fabric is in using Aptitude, or Yum for that matter.

Also, on a similar note, if I do have the url of a specific repo, how would I go about listing all of the packages it has available?

Source: (StackOverflow)

Multiple package manager [closed]

Is there a pitfall of using multiple package managers? Could I use Redhat's yum with Debian's aptitude at the same time?

I came across this article and this infographic - 2011 Linux Distro comparison result

I was inclined to choose Debian, but a quick VM install showed that the Kernel is not upgraded to 3.2 in the stable repo yet. So I am planning to move to Archlinux, but the infographic rates it low on package availablity and I was wondering if I could install .deb or .rpm files from the Fedora or Ubuntu repositories.

Source: (StackOverflow)

How can I list the minimal set of Debian packages needed to recreate a set of installed packages?

Is there a way of getting dpkg, apt-get or aptitude to produce a list of the packages which need to be installed on a second machine to duplicate the packages installed on a first?

i.e. If I've installed a plain Ubuntu server, chose the sshd option at install time, then installed build-essential I would expect the output to look something like:

#ubuntu 9.10 server
openssh-sshd
build-essential

As far as I can see, all the available packaging tools will produce a verbose list of the packages on a box. I'm not interested in openssh libs, ld, gcc, and all the other packages pulled in by sshd and build-essential, as they will be installed when I install sshd and build-essential.

I would like to see just the list of the package which I need to install to recreate my current set of packages on another machine.

Is this possible?

Source: (StackOverflow)

Multiple versions of python when installing a package with aptitude

On a lab machine where I can't just go clobbering things, there appears to be more than one version of python installed.

If I python --version I see 2.7.1.

I've installed numpy via "apt-get install numpy" and it says it is installed, but when I try to import it it isn't found.

When I do a find on the machine for numpy I see it in the /usr/lib/python2.5/site-packages/numpy folder. I assume this is the problem... that apt-get put it in the 2.5 version instead of the 2.7.

How do I resolve this? Is there a way to tell apt-get which python I'm talking about when I do an install? Or do I abandon aptitude and use pip or something?

Source: (StackOverflow)

MySQL 5.6.10 via apt-get [closed]

MySQL 5.6.10 is Generally Available now. If I try to upgrade it however says that I am already at the newest version, even though the installed version is 5.5.29. I am on Ubuntu 12.04.

$ sudo apt-get install --upgrade mysql
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
mysql is already the newest version.
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 34 not upgraded.
$ mysql --version
mysql  Ver 14.14 Distrib 5.5.29, for debian-linux-gnu (x86_64) using readline 6.2

I ran sudo apt-get update beforehand.

Did anyone manage to install MySQL 5.6 via aptitude yet?

Source: (StackOverflow)

"The database cluster was initialized with CATALOG_VERSION_NO X, but the server was compiled with CATALOG_VERSION_NO Y." after aptitude upgrade

Today I upgraded all software on Ubuntu server:

sudo aptitude upgrade

Upgrading performed not well and postgresql didn't start, with error:

alex@db:~$ sudo service postgresql start
* Starting PostgreSQL 9.5 database server[fail]
* The PostgreSQL server failed to start. Please check the log output:
2015-10-30 12:42:09 MSK FATAL:  database files are incompatible with server
2015-10-30 12:42:09 MSK DETAIL:  The database cluster was initialized with CATALOG_VERSION_NO 201507281, but the server was compiled with CATALOG_VERSION_NO 201510051.
2015-10-30 12:42:09 MSK HINT:  It looks like you need to initdb.

I don't remember, which version of postgresql was on server before upgrading, but as result of upgrading I saw only one data dir and one cluster:

alex@db:~$ ls /var/lib/postgresql/
9.5  Maildir

alex@db:~$ pg_lsclusters 
Ver Cluster Port Status Owner    Data directory               Log file
9.5 main    5432 down   postgres /var/lib/postgresql/9.5/main /var/log/postgresql/postgresql-9.5-main.log

So it looks like it was a minor upgrade.

After copying data dir somewhere, running initdb, and aptitude upgrade again I noticed a 9.4 cluster was created:

alex@db:~$ sudo cp /var/lib/postgresql/9.5/main /var/lib/postgresql/9.5/main.old
alex@db:~$ sudo /usr/lib/postgresql/9.5/bin/initdb -D /var/lib/postgresql/9.5/main/
alex@db:~$ sudo aptitude upgrade
alex@db:~$ ls /var/lib/postgresql/
9.4  9.5  Maildir
alex@db:~$ pg_lsclusters 
Ver Cluster Port Status Owner    Data directory               Log file
9.4 main    5433 down   postgres /var/lib/postgresql/9.4/main /var/log/postgresql/postgresql-9.4-main.log
9.5 main    5432 down   postgres /var/lib/postgresql/9.5/main /var/log/postgresql/postgresql-9.5-main.log

Now it works fine, but how to restore saved data from /var/lib/postgresql/9.5/main.old? pg_upgrade doesn't work. And... yes, I didn't create a backup before upgrading.

UPDATE: Contents of /etc/apt/sources.list

#######################################################################################
# Hetzner APT-Mirror
#
deb http://mirror.hetzner.de/ubuntu/packages trusty main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirror.hetzner.de/ubuntu/packages trusty-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirror.hetzner.de/ubuntu/packages trusty-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirror.hetzner.de/ubuntu/security trusty-security main restricted universe multiverse

# See http://help.ubuntu.com/community/UpgradeNotes for how to upgrade to
# newer versions of the distribution.
deb http://de.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty main restricted
deb-src http://de.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty main restricted

## Major bug fix updates produced after the final release of the
## distribution.
deb http://de.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty-updates main restricted
deb-src http://de.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty-updates main restricted

## N.B. software from this repository is ENTIRELY UNSUPPORTED by the Ubuntu
## team. Also, please note that software in universe WILL NOT receive any
## review or updates from the Ubuntu security team.
deb http://de.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty universe
deb-src http://de.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty universe
deb http://de.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty-updates universe
deb-src http://de.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty-updates universe

## N.B. software from this repository is ENTIRELY UNSUPPORTED by the Ubuntu 
## team, and may not be under a free licence. Please satisfy yourself as to 
## your rights to use the software. Also, please note that software in 
## multiverse WILL NOT receive any review or updates from the Ubuntu
## security team.
deb http://de.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty multiverse
deb-src http://de.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty multiverse
deb http://de.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty-updates multiverse
deb-src http://de.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty-updates multiverse

## N.B. software from this repository may not have been tested as
## extensively as that contained in the main release, although it includes
## newer versions of some applications which may provide useful features.
## Also, please note that software in backports WILL NOT receive any review
## or updates from the Ubuntu security team.
deb http://de.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://de.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty-backports main restricted universe multiverse

deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu trusty-security main restricted
deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu trusty-security main restricted
deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu trusty-security universe
deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu trusty-security universe
deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu trusty-security multiverse
deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu trusty-security multiverse

## Uncomment the following two lines to add software from Canonical's
## 'partner' repository.
## This software is not part of Ubuntu, but is offered by Canonical and the
## respective vendors as a service to Ubuntu users.
# deb http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu trusty partner
# deb-src http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu trusty partner

## Uncomment the following two lines to add software from Ubuntu's
## 'extras' repository.
## This software is not part of Ubuntu, but is offered by third-party
## developers who want to ship their latest software.
# deb http://extras.ubuntu.com/ubuntu trusty main
# deb-src http://extras.ubuntu.com/ubuntu trusty main

deb http://packages.elasticsearch.org/elasticsearch/1.4/debian stable main

UPDATE2:

alex@db:~$ sudo dpkg -l postgresql\*
Desired=Unknown/Install/Remove/Purge/Hold
| Status=Not/Inst/Conf-files/Unpacked/halF-conf/Half-inst/trig-aWait/Trig-pend
|/ Err?=(none)/Reinst-required (Status,Err: uppercase=bad)
||/ Name                                                      Version                           Architecture                      Description
+++-=========================================================-=================================-=================================-=======================================================================================================================
ii  postgresql                                                9.4+170.pgdg14.04+1               all                               object-relational SQL database (supported version)
un  postgresql-7.4                                            <none>                            <none>                            (no description available)
un  postgresql-8.0                                            <none>                            <none>                            (no description available)
un  postgresql-9.1                                            <none>                            <none>                            (no description available)
ii  postgresql-9.3                                            9.3.10-1.pgdg14.04+1              amd64                             object-relational SQL database, version 9.3 server
ii  postgresql-9.4                                            9.4.5-1.pgdg14.04+1               amd64                             object-relational SQL database, version 9.4 server
ii  postgresql-9.5                                            9.5~beta1-1.pgdg14.04+1           amd64                             object-relational SQL database, version 9.5 server
un  postgresql-client                                         <none>                            <none>                            (no description available)
ii  postgresql-client-9.3                                     9.3.10-1.pgdg14.04+1              amd64                             front-end programs for PostgreSQL 9.3
ii  postgresql-client-9.4                                     9.4.5-1.pgdg14.04+1               amd64                             front-end programs for PostgreSQL 9.4
ii  postgresql-client-9.5                                     9.5~beta1-1.pgdg14.04+1           amd64                             front-end programs for PostgreSQL 9.5
ii  postgresql-client-common                                  170.pgdg14.04+1                   all                               manager for multiple PostgreSQL client versions
ii  postgresql-common                                         170.pgdg14.04+1                   all                               PostgreSQL database-cluster manager
ii  postgresql-contrib                                        9.4+170.pgdg14.04+1               all                               additional facilities for PostgreSQL (supported version)
ii  postgresql-contrib-9.3                                    9.3.10-1.pgdg14.04+1              amd64                             additional facilities for PostgreSQL
ii  postgresql-contrib-9.4                                    9.4.5-1.pgdg14.04+1               amd64                             additional facilities for PostgreSQL
ii  postgresql-contrib-9.5                                    9.5~beta1-1.pgdg14.04+1           amd64                             additional facilities for PostgreSQL
ii  postgresql-doc                                            9.4+170.pgdg14.04+1               all                               documentation for the PostgreSQL database management system
ii  postgresql-doc-9.3                                        9.3.10-1.pgdg14.04+1              all                               documentation for the PostgreSQL database management system
ii  postgresql-doc-9.4                                        9.4.5-1.pgdg14.04+1               all                               documentation for the PostgreSQL database management system
un  postgresql-doc-9.5                                        <none>                            <none>                            (no description available)
ii  postgresql-server-dev-9.3                                 9.3.10-1.pgdg14.04+1              amd64                             development files for PostgreSQL 9.3 server-side programming


alex@db:~$ sudo apt-cache policy postgresql-9.5
postgresql-9.5:
  Installed: 9.5~beta1-1.pgdg14.04+1
  Candidate: 9.5~beta1-1.pgdg14.04+1
  Version table:
 *** 9.5~beta1-1.pgdg14.04+1 0
        500 http://apt.postgresql.org/pub/repos/apt/ trusty-pgdg/main amd64 Packages
        100 /var/lib/dpkg/status

Source: (StackOverflow)

shell command for finding all packages that provide a certain virtual package

As the title suggests, I want to get a list of all packages that provide a certain virtual package. A way of doing this would be to write a shell script that parses all output of

apt-cache search -f .*

and outputs all packages that have the virtual package in the provides section. The problem with this approach is that it takes an awful long amount of time to execute. I guess that there should be a simple command that does this in an efficient manner, but which I wasn't able to find.

Source: (StackOverflow)

How to install postgres-9.1 on Ubuntu 10.04 LTS?

Many months ago, I installed postgres 8.4 using the following command:

$ sudo aptitude install postgresql-8.4 postgresql-client postgresql-contrib

Now I am trying to upgrade to 9.1.

$ sudo aptitude install postgresql-9.1

There apparently is no package that matches 9.1 But it does appear to exist for apt-get. Do I have to go with apt-get?

Source: (StackOverflow)

Packages, Ubuntu counterparts of Gentoo's useful commands

Trying to learn how to work with packages in Ubuntu (and have Gentoo experience). This command is already known:

(1) sudo apt-get install pkgname

Looking for counterparts of these:

(2) emerge -s pkgname
(3) equery files pkgname
(4) equery belongs filename
(5) cat /var/lib/portage world

Which useful (console) package commands do you use in Ubuntu? Links to Ubuntu packages tutorial in style of Gentoo's Handbook?

Source: (StackOverflow)